what are the basic principles of soil pollution remediation methods?
soil pollution remediationis a technical measure to restore the normal function of contaminated soil. in the soil remediation industry, there are more than 100 kinds of soil remediation technologiesandmore than 10 commonly used technologies,which can be roughly divided into p
soil pollution remediation is a technical measure to restore the normal function of contaminated soil. in the soil remediation industry, there are more than 100 kinds of soil remediation technologies and more than 10 commonly used technologies, which can be roughly divided into physical, chemical and biological methods. since the 1980s, many countries in the world, especially developed countries, have formulated and carried out plans for the treatment and remediation of polluted soils, thus forming an emerging soil remediation industry.
soil remediation is mainly through physical, chemical and biological methods to transfer, absorb, degrade and transform pollutants in the soil, so that their concentration is reduced to an acceptable level, or toxic and harmful pollutants into harmless substances. fundamentals of physical remediation techniques: techniques for removing or separating contaminants from the soil through various physical processes. commonly used technologies include guest soil method, thermal desorption, soil vapor phase extraction, mechanical ventilation, etc. the advantage is that the repair efficiency is high and the speed is fast; the disadvantage is that it tends to be more costly.
the basic principle of bioremediation technology: the use of biological unique ability to decompose toxic and harmful substances to achieve the purpose of removing pollutants from the soil. including: phytoremediation technology, microbial repair technology and biocommunal repair technology. the advantage is that it does not destroy the soil organic matter, does not make large disturbances to the soil structure, and has low cost; the disadvantage is that the remediation cycle is long, and it is usually not suitable for the remediation of highly contaminated soil.
the basic principles of chemical remediation technology: adding chemical substances to the soil, through chemical reactions such as redox, chelating or precipitation of heavy metals and organic matter, removing contaminants from the soil or reducing the bioavailability or toxicity of pollutants in the soil. including soil curing and stabilization, elution, redox, etc. the advantage is that the repair efficiency is higher and the speed is relatively fast; the disadvantage is that it is easy to damage the soil structure, and it is easy to produce secondary pollution due to the addition of chemical agents.
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